University of California Online

(proposed) Constitutional Amendment  |  ucoca.org

Section 1. The People of California find and declare…

  1. 1.The people have the right to audit all publicly owned postsecondary
    courses and programs online at no cost.
  2. 2.The people have the right to access — and earn full credit — all
    publicly owned postsecondary courses and programs online at cost.

Every UC, CSU, and CCC course available online. Free or full credit. Open to all. Fully accredited. Low cost. Drafted. Filed with the California Attorney General twice. Now passing the torch.

Read the full amendment

I'm giving this to the public. Anyone can take it on.

I am Boyd Roberts. I wrote this constitutional amendment and filed it with the California Attorney General in 2017 and again in 2023. There was no money. It never got circulated. The people have never had a chance to vote for the University of California Online.

Rather than let it sit in a drawer, I've released the text under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.

You may copy it, change it, file it under your own name, and run with it. You owe me nothing but credit for the original idea.

The University of California Online (UCO)

Division I  |  The ‘Free’ Division

  • All of the classes
  • Audit any course at no cost
  • Question professors at cost
  • Open to everyone
  • No credit, no degree

Division II  |  The ‘For Credit’ Division

  • All of the classes
  • Fully accredited courses and degrees
  • Structurally low cost
  • Open to everyone
  • Work at your own pace

Who pays for UCO?

UCO is designed to not impact the taxpayer and to be self-funding. Though the measure requires the Treasurer issue bonds to initially fund UCO, Division II course tuition must be used to service those bonds and pay for everything.

Can out-of-state students attend UCO?

Yes, out-of-state students can attend if they pay out-of-state student fees. Notably, all out-of-state student fees collected, by law, must be applied to the benefit of in-state students. Think funding for in-state scholarships, student food pantries, childcare facilities, libraries, and student housing.

Where it stands

2013
Originally conceived as a national online university with a free division and a for-credit division.
2015
Re-conceived as a state constitutional amendment.
2017
Submitted to the California Attorney General for title and summary.
2023
Resubmitted to the California Attorney General for title and summary.
2026
Released to the public under CC BY 4.0. Open to anyone who wants to carry it.

MONEY AND EXPERIENCE — NOT NECESSARY. ONE VIRAL POST CAN MAKE IT HAPPEN.

Two days after the 2016 election, Katie Fahey, a 27-year-old in Michigan, posted on Facebook that she wanted to take on gerrymandering and asked if anyone would join her. She had no political background. She worked in environmental sustainability.

Michigan required 315,654 valid signatures in 180 days. Her volunteers gathered more than 425,000, from every county in the state, without spending a dollar on signature gathering. They finished ahead of the deadline. Michigan's former state elections director called it nearly unprecedented. The amendment passed with 61 percent of the vote and is now in the Michigan Constitution.

The money followed — about $15.6 million, from roughly 9,000 individual donors.

California requires 874,641 valid signatures, gathered within 180 days of the Attorney General issuing a title and summary.

You could be

If you do it, don't forget to make the movie.

Or you could be someone who would rather fund it than run it. I'll carry it myself — but only with a real commitment behind it. Call me: 949-463-9152.

If you want to carry it

  1. Read it.The full text is four pages. Start there, not here.
  2. Change whatever you want.The license lets you revise, cut, or rewrite.
  3. Get a legal read.An election-law attorney should look at the single-subject rule and the Article IX Section 9 interaction before you file.
  4. File with the Attorney General.Any registered California voter can submit an initiative, with a $2,000 fee refunded if it qualifies. The Attorney General issues a title and summary, and the 180-day clock starts.
  5. Then go get the signatures.This is the part everyone says is impossible without millions of dollars. Michigan proved otherwise in 2018. It is the hardest thing on this list and it is not the wall people tell you it is.

Not in California? Eighteen states let citizens initiate constitutional amendments directly. Several others, including New York, do it through the legislature instead. See below.

Questions and answers

What is the University of California Online? How is it different from other universities?

The University of California Online (UCO) is a proposed public university that would incorporate every University of California, California State University, and California Community Colleges course online into one unified university.

UCO would be:

  • Open to everyone. 100% open admissions for the ‘for-credit’ division. No gatekeeping, no arbitrary caps, no GPA cutoffs, no standardized admission tests.
  • UC-level rigor. Fully accredited, academically demanding, with full credit that counts directly toward a UCO or UC degree.
  • Free to audit. Like a library, all courses could be accessed at no cost.
  • Full credit at low cost. By constitutional mandate, tuition cannot exceed the actual cost to teach and deliver a particular course.
  • At your own pace. Enroll, take tests, and graduate on your schedule. Complete a ‘four year’ degree in 2 years or 6 years, as you like.
Is the University of California Online real? Can I enroll?

Not yet. The amendment is written, drafted, and ready. What’s missing is the vote.

You can’t walk through the front door yet — so help us kick it open. UCO only becomes real when California voters put it into the state constitution. If you want a world-class UC education open to anyone at low cost, don’t wait for an acceptance letter. Put it on the ballot and make it a reality.

What does it take to get UCO on the ballot? Who is going to do it?

The hard truth: It takes almost a million valid signatures, a strict 180-day window, a majority of the voters on election day, money, and someone willing to lead the charge.

Putting a constitutional amendment before California voters requires 874,641 valid signatures. Political consultants can charge millions of dollars to gather that many names. The only other way is for the idea to go completely viral — powered by the people: students, families, educators, and organizers working for free, gathering signatures, getting the word out, determined to make UCO a reality.

Right now, the language is drafted and the groundwork is done. What UCO needs isn’t just spectators — it needs an organization, a student coalition, an ambitious leader, or an entrepreneurial team ready to pick up the mantle and run with it to the finish.

If you have the drive, the amendment is yours. Carpe diem. If you have the backing but not the time, call Boyd Roberts at 949-463-9152.

When could UCO realistically appear on the ballot?

November 7, 2028 — the next election it could make, and the earliest one possible. California law allows statewide initiatives only on November general elections in even-numbered years, so the next opportunity is 2028.

Working backward from that date, here’s the runway:

  • Mid-2027 — file with the Attorney General, who then issues the official title and summary
  • Fall 2027 — begin circulating petitions, with 180 days to gather signatures
  • Spring 2028 — submit signatures; counties take up to three months to verify them
  • Late June 2028 — the measure must be certified at least 131 days before the election
  • November 7, 2028 — California votes
What did the Legislative Analyst say about UCO in 2023? Will UCO raise taxes? What will be the fiscal impact of UCO on the state budget?

In 2023, California’s nonpartisan Legislative Analyst and the Director of Finance said:

(23-0034.) ESTABLISHES NEW “UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ONLINE.” INITIATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. California’s public higher education systems – University of California, California State University, and California Community Colleges – currently offer courses in person and online. This measure would amend the California Constitution to require creation of an online public university named “University of California Online” with two divisions: one providing online courses for credit towards an academic degree, open to anyone who pays tuition; and one providing free public access to all online courses not for credit. Requires tuition for for-credit courses to be based on their cost, and additional fees for most out-of-state students. Requires State Treasurer to issue bonds to fund University of California Online, repaid from tuition. Summary of estimate by Legislative Analyst and Director of Finance of fiscal impact on state and local governments: Operating a new public online university could cost in the hundreds of millions of dollars to low billions of dollars annually. All of the cost is to be covered through student tuition revenue generated by the new university. The measure is not intended to have any direct fiscal impact on state or local governments.

What about labs? Will UCO have labs?

Yes, UCO will have labs. Some courses cannot be taught online. The amendment directs the university to teach labs in person. Locations and schedules would be set by the university.

What about out-of-state students? Will out-of-state students be able to attend UCO?

Yes. Anyone can enroll, from any state or country. Out-of-state students would pay out-of-state fees on top of tuition. By law, every dollar of out-of-state fees must be used to benefit California students. Think in-state student housing, scholarships, food pantries, childcare, libraries. Out-of-state students who work for UCO would be exempt from paying out-of-state fees.

Who can take this on? Do I have to be a U.S. citizen?

Different jobs have different rules. The proponent, who files the measure with the Attorney General, must be a U.S. citizen, 18 or older, and live in California. Signature gatherers must be 18 years old, but are not required to be citizens. Petition signers must be registered California voters. Technically, if you’re 17 and will turn 18 by the next election, you can register now — while 17 — and sign the petition.

Could UCO be a class project?

Yes. A high school government class or a college political science course could take it on. A teacher or any adult who’s a registered voter can serve as the official filer. The filing fee is $2,000, refunded if the measure qualifies.


It doesn't have to be California

Nothing about this idea is Californian. Every state has public colleges its taxpayers already paid for, and students paying twice for access to them. The text below is a template. Swap the institutions, swap the constitution, keep the argument.

Eighteen states allow citizen-initiated constitutional amendments. Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, and South Dakota. The process is direct in sixteen of them; Massachusetts and Mississippi route through the legislature first, and Mississippi's is currently inoperable.

Compare the percentage, not the number. Requirements are set against different denominators — votes cast in the last election, registered voters, or total population. A big raw number in a big state can be an easier share than a small number in a small one. Work out what fraction of your state's population you actually need before deciding it's out of reach.

Everywhere else, the path is a legislator. States without citizen initiative, New York among them, amend their constitutions through the legislature and then a public vote. That's one sponsor to persuade instead of hundreds of thousands of signatures. A different job, not a closed door.

Ballotpedia maintains current signature requirements and deadlines for every state. Start there.